Equipe d’Accueil :
Intitulé de l’Unité : Institut Cochin – Inserm U1016 – CNRS 8104
Nom du Responsable de l’Unité : Florence Niedergang
Nom du Responsable de l’Équipe : Clotilde Cadart
Adresse : 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques
Responsable de l’encadrement : Clotilde Cadart
Tél : ……………………… Fax : ……………………… E-mail: clotilde.cadart@inserm.fr
Résumé du projet (environ une demi-page)
How much energy does it take to make and maintain an animal cell? And are there energetic constrains to genome size/cell size increase? Our lab goal is to understand the fundamental processes affecting cellular and organismal energetics and how they impact the physiology and evolution of animals. To do so, we leverage unique properties of Xenopus frogs which have evolved from ancestral polyploidizations (i.e. whole-genome doubling) giving rise to closely related specis whose genome size and cell size naturally display a 6-fold variation. In these species, cell size corrlates with genome size and is thought to mediate long-reported correlations between genome size and whole-embryo developmental rate. We also previously showed that increasing the ploidy of Xenopus laevis embryos results in ar eduction of whole embryo energy expenditure which is due to ploidy-driven cell size increase and changes in cellular energetic needs (Cadart et al., Current Biolgoy, 2023). Following up on these findings, the proposed project will focus on better understanding the basis of species differences in cellular metabolic rate, which we hypothesize rely on both biophysical constrains and evolutionarily acquired metabolic regulation. You will work alongisde a research engineer who started establishing cell lines from four Xenopus frog species and hybrid embryos. Combining these with chemical and mechanical perturbations to artificially manipulate ploidy and cell size as well as a range of techniques including real-time ATP production measurement, live-imaging of FRET probes, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, … you will investigate how cellular energetics is affected by ancestral vs. acute ploidy/cell size increase.
Dernières Publications en lien avec le projet :
Agarwal, P., Cadart, C., Fort, L., Gahan, J., Greenspan, L., Juan, T., Kameneva, P., & Miao, Y. (2023). Pathway to Independence: the future of developmental biology. Development (Cambridge), 150(19). https://doi.org/10.1242/DEV.202360/330802
Cadart, C., Bartz, J., Oaks, G., Liu, M. Z., & Heald, R. (2023). Polyploidy in Xenopus lowers metabolic rate by decreasing total cell surface area. Current Biology, 33(9), 1744-1752.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.071
Ce projet s’inscrit-il dans la perspective d’une thèse :
oui o non o
si oui type de financement prévu : ANR JCJC
Ecole Doctorale de rattachement : BioSPC