Persons in charge

Claudine Mayer – Catherine Etchebest

Objectives

The proposed courses aim to provide students with skills in integrative structural biology. In particular, the aim is to show the importance of the knowledge of the fine structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules in their functional mechanism. Backed by theoretical teaching on the latest approaches in structural biology, practical work will allow the student to confront the concrete problems encountered during the structural study of a biological system.

Lectures 30h

Resolution of structures :

• Introduction to structural biology
• X-ray diffraction 
• RMN (2 sessions)
• Electronic microscopy 
• Light/RX diffusion

Functional dynamic of macromolecules :

• Simulation methods de : 3 sessions x 3h
• Interaction modelisation  : Notion of force field
• Optimisation of a structure
• Concepts, tools and analyses of molecular dynamic

Tutorial works 18h

Resolution of structures :

• Cristallography
• RMN : integrative example
• Electronic microscopy 

Functional dynamic of macromolecules : Practical work on computer : 5 sessions 

• Construction of a model system
• Exploration of the optimal state of the system
• Simulation of the dynamics of a macromolecule (2 sessions)
• Statistical analysis of movements and conformational changes 

Targeted skills

• Contribute to the design and implementation of fundamental or applied research projects in in silico and experimental structural biology
• Obtain and analyze scientific data with numerical reference tools
• Understanding a rigorous scientific and experimental approach
• Ability to disseminate written and oral information and scientific results
• Fluency of scientific English
• Ability to speak and debate

Persons in charge

Antoine Guichet – Benoît Ladoux

Objectives

Through lectures on concrete examples and analysis of scientific articles, this UE allows to deepen on the one hand the cellular and molecular mechanisms and on the other hand the physical processes involved in polarity and morphogenesis.

Lectures 36h

• Physical methods to study cell biology
• Physics of cell movement
• Mechanobiology of the cytoskeleton
• Intracellular polarity and asymmetry
• Relationship between signalling, cell compartments and polarity
• From cell polarity to tissue morphogenesis
• Physics of collective movements

Tutorial works 12h

Article Analyses

Person in charge

Rachel Golub

Objectives

This teaching provides knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system. The basic experiments are detailed and provide a state of the art for the different compartments of the immune system. All the fundamental aspects necessary to understand the major physiopathological mechanisms are dissected. At the end of each course, a critical look is taken at the recent data that confirm or confront the dogmas on the immune system and its regulation.

Lectures 36h

• Hematopoiesis
• Differentiation and ontogeny B
• Rearrangements of lymphocyte receptor genes
• Switching, hypermutations and selection of B-cells
• Selecting the T directory
• Memory and epigenetic regulation
• Lymphocyte activation
• Stromal cells and the organization of lymphoid organs
• The innate lymphoid cells
• The immune system of the digestive tract and its tolerance
• Anti-microbial peptide
• The main animal models in immunology
• Vaccination, principles and applications
• Differentiation and ontogeny of macrophages
• Differentiation and ontogeny T
• Central tolerance and autoimmunity
• Cytokines from homeostasis to inflammation
• Pharmacology of cytokines and inflammation

Tutorial works 12h

• Innate response, RRP
• Dendritic cells, MHC, cross presentation
• TD Lymphocyte Activation
• Scientific seminars with invited guests for current theme and sharing of research experience, presentation of a program, research topic and its evolution over 3 years (equivalent to a thesis).

Targeted skills

Disciplinary skills

• Obtain the knowledge necessary to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system
• Obtain a critical mind on recent data that support or confront dogmas in immunology.

Personal skills

• Acquire a solid base of fundamental concepts to apprehend practical results
• Train in critical analysis of literature data
• Ability to step back from knowledge to prioritize and synthesize it
• Learning to put knowledge into perspective

Person in charge

Sylvie van der Werf

Objectives

The teaching deals comparatively with the main viral multiplication strategies based on the study of the major viral families. Viral pathogenesis for acute or persistent infections, mechanisms of emergence as well as methods of viral control are discussed for viruses of importance in human or veterinary health.
Tutorials on current topics in virology complete the teaching, with an integrative approach to study the interactions between the viral particle, the viral replication cycle, different mechanisms of molecular and cellular biology and host immunity.

Lectures 36h

The themes presented below are approached through the study of different viral families.

• Viral replication strategies and interactions with the host
• Oncogenic viruses and/or hepatitis viruses
• Enteric viruses
• Airborne viruses
• Arbovirus
• Viral latency: HIV, herpesvirus
• Plant viruses
• Synthetic virology: viral vectors and oncolytic viruses

Tutorial works 12h

The themes presented below are approached through the analysis of articles, or a topic combining experiences and figures from a group of articles.

• Measles virus and inflammasome
• Bunyavirus: viral entry and vesicular traffic
• Coronavirus and reverse genetics
• Poxvirus and viral escape
• Herpesvirus and miRNA
• Endogenous retroviruses

Targeted skills

• To know and understand the main strategies of virus replication and evolution, as well as structure-function relationships.
• Integrate the mechanisms of interaction with the host, viral pathogenesis and antiviral control methods.
• Critical analysis of recent scientific papers.
• To know and understand different modern methodological approaches in virology.

Person in charge

Philippe Silar

Objectives

The EU intends to analyse the diversity and crucial roles of eukaryotic microbes in ecosystems and human affairs (food, health, biotechnology, research…) and to present modern methods for their study (genetics, genomics and metagenomics, cytology…).

Lectures 34h

First part :

• Eukaryotic microbes in the biosphere
• Origin of Eukaryotes
• Symbioses: Mutualism and Parasitism
• Multicellularity, Evolutionary Importance and Mechanisms
• Metabolisms
• Diversity and Phylogenies of Eukaryotes
• Illustrated inventory of the diversity of eukaryotes
• Eumyces mushroomses microbes eucaryotes dans la biosphère

Second part :

• An example of a eukaryotic cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Biology, Culture and Nutrition
• Synthesis and Structure of Macromolecules
• Insertion of Macromolecules in Cell Physiology
• Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• The Stationary Phase and other physiological conditions
• Sexual Reproduction
• Use of Yeast by Man

Third part :

• An example of analysis of a biological phenomenon using a eukaryotic microbe model: the PSI phenomenon in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Genetic, genomic, biochemical and cytological methods

Tutorial works 14h

Presentation by the students of the various eukaryotic microorganisms.

Person in charge

Nathalie Demont-Caulet

Objectives

Person in charge

Mariano Ostuni

Objectives

To understand, identify and describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the trafficking of macromolecules between the different compartments of a cell.
To understand, identify and describe the molecular mechanisms involved in exocytosis, endocytosis and autophagy.

Lectures 16h

• Addressing of proteins to different organelles (nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, etc.).
• Molecular and cellular bases of exocytosis
• Molecular and cellular basis of endocytosis
• Compartmentalization of phospholipids, glycolipids and glycoproteins
• Autophagy

Tutorial works 8h

• Protein Addressing
• Mechanisms of exocytosis
• Mechanisms of endocytosis
• Autophagy

Targeted skills

• Analyze, criticize and synthesize scientific articles in the field of cell biology.
• Analyze and criticize the use of different techniques to study the mechanisms involved in the dynamics and trafficking of macromolecules between cell compartments.

Person in charge

Mireille Viguier

Objectives

This course uses an original and reversible approach to the relationship between the host and its pathogens. In particular, we will use the contribution of knowledge of infectious mechanisms and their subversion or escape strategies to understand the molecular, cellular and tissue activation pathways of our organism’s stress response. This teaching at the interface between the fields of infectiology and immunology should help to put into perspective the complementary nature of the knowledge of the infectious cycles and the physiopathology of the organism. Cross dialogues between bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumors and their host also illustrate the contribution of research knowledge in complementary fields.

Lectures 38h

• Epithelia at the host-pathogen interface
• Intestinal symbiosis and the immune system
• Subversion of protein traffic by Host and pathogens
• Lymphocytotoxicity and subversion
• Cytokines and subversion
• Entry of pathogenic bacteria into cells
• Toll-like receptors and their subversion by bacteria
• Listeria Infections
• Chlamydia Infections
• Escape and subversion of the immune system by parasites
• Insights into how Theileria parasites transform their host cells
• Host-leishmaniasis interactions: the parasite’s point of view
• Co-infections and macrophages
• Rabies virus infections
• HIV infection: coinfections
• HIV Infection: Immunopathology and Escape Strategies
• Virobiome
• Interactions between tumors and the immune system
• Infectious diseases and immune memory

Tutorial works 10h

• 1 session and 1 symposium of 2h with all class
• 3 sessions for each group for articles analyses IN ENGLISH

Targeted skills

• Use an ambivalent approach to understanding the interactions between organisms and their environment.
• Develop a critical analysis of published knowledge in the field
• Read, analyze, render and illustrate international publications orally IN ENGLISH

Persons in charge

Isabelle Martin-Verstraete – Olivier Dussurget

Objectives

The courses cover all fields of bacteriology and focus on physiology, regulation, genetics, recent contributions of genomics in the study of the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial genomes, host/microorganism plant relationships, the diversity of bacterial metabolisms and their role in the environment and in industry, as well as the importance of microbial ecosystems in relation to colonized niches.

Lectures 34h

• Bacterial species, cell envelopes and secretion mechanisms
• Antibiotics; synthesis and resistance
• Replication, cell division, cytoskeleton and compartment
• The different levels of control in complex bacterial regulatory systems (two-component systems, ncRNA, signal molecules)
• Energy metabolism – balances, flows, etc.
• Bacterial genomics and its applications, the dynamics of genome evolution, functional genomics
• Biofilms and communities, cellular communications and heterogeneity of expression in bacterial populations
• Cell differentiation in prokaryotes: sporulation
• Bacteria/animal cells or bacteria/plant cells interactions – symbiosis versus pathogenicity
• Cyanobacteria: a model of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation
• Biotechnological applications; health, food, environment
• Ecosystems (microbiotes, environmental niches)

Tutorial works 14h

• Role of bacterial motility and cell communication (“quorum sensing”) in the formation of single-species or mixed biofilms
• Responses to DNA damage and links to antibiotic resistance
• Interactions of bacteria with bacteriophages: CRISPR-type defense system
• A physiological approach to the interactions between pathogens and microbiota

Realization of seminars on articles on current topics by students and organization of a mini-symposium with a conference on a current topic in Microbiology and presentation by students.

Person in charge

Fernando Rodrigues-Lima – Valérie Serre

Objectives

Through courses on concrete examples and analysis of scientific articles, this EU allows to understand the importance of enzymopathies in human pathologies. The lectures also address the importance of enzymes as therapeutic targets. The pathophysiological, molecular and kinetic bases of enzymopathies, the development and mechanisms of action of drugs targeting enzymes, and enzymes as “drugs” are addressed.

Lectures 18h

• Human enzymopathies: mitochondrial pathologies, signalling, epigenetics and cancer.
• Enzyme-targeted drugs: human, bacterial and viral enzymes.
• Molecular mechanisms and kinetics of action of enzyme-targeted drugs.
• Drug targeting enzymes.

Tutorial works 6h

Article analysis

Targeted skills

• To know and understand the genetic, molecular and cellular bases of human enzymopathies.
• To know and understand the mechanisms of molecular actions of drugs targeting enzymes and the associated quantitative parameters.
• Analyze, criticize and synthesize orally scientific data published in English.
• Work and exchange in groups.

Person in charge

Frédéric Bernard – Gilliane Maton

Objectives

Through lectures on concrete examples and analysis of scientific articles, this EU allows to deepen the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cell division (mitosis and meiosis).

Lectures 10h

• Spindle Orientation and Asymmetric Divisions
• Microtubule Dynamics
• Chromosome Attachment and Segregation
• Meiosis
• Cytodieresis

Tutorial works 6h

• Quantitative analysis of the images obtained in PT (2h)
• Analysis of articles (4h)

Pratical works 8h

In vivo study of the orientation of a mitotic spindle in Drosophila (D. melanogaster) and the nematode (C. elegans)

Targeted skills

• To know and understand the genetic, molecular and cellular bases of cell division.
• Analyze, criticize and synthesize orally scientific data published in English.
• Analyze biological images to derive quantified data and report results in the form of article figures.
• Use of Fiji software (image processing).

Person in charge

Immunology, Physiopathology, Infection, Cancer, Pathology

Objectives

This UE is aimed at a mixed audience of scientists, pharmacists and physicians, and is clearly ‘translational’ in focus, and a strong background in General/Fundamental Immunology is desired. Indeed, the teaching addresses at the pathophysiological level the mechanisms of induction and regulation of the immune response in autoimmunity, transplant immunity, immunology of mycobacterial infections, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-parasitic defenses. Immuno-intervention and vaccine strategies are also discussed.

Lectures 32h

• Immunology of chronic pulmonary pathologies
• Toll, NOD receptors, inflammasome and anti-infectious defence
• Gene therapy: principles and applications
• Physiological & pathological autoimmunity
• Mucosal immunity
• Immunopathology of inflammatory bowel diseases
• Anti-bacterial defenses
• Pest defences
• Anti-viral immunity
• Immunopathology of HIV infection
• Mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity and allergic reactions
• Vaccination
• Immunology of marrow transplantation
• Immunology of organ transplantation
• Immune deficiencies
• Anti-tumor immunity
• Immunopathology of atheroma and cardiovascular diseases
• Immunopathology of kidney disease
• Immune system and neurodegenerative diseases
• Complement and pathologies
• New therapeutics in Immunocancerology

Tutorial works 12h

Analysis and presentation of articles
Work in small groups

Targeted skills

Disciplinary skills

• To know and understand the theory of immune mechanisms (innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune memory…) applied to different pathologies and diseases.
• To know and understand the mechanisms underlying the physiopathology of these diseases, as well as the mechanisms of action of potentially used therapeutic targets.

Personal skills 

• Mastery of written and oral expression techniques.
• Ability to argue and debate.
• Ability to work in a team and independently.

Responsable

Claire Morvan

Objectives

Realization of a work of bacterial physiology on the metabolism of cysteine in Bacillus subtilis using functional genomics, molecular genetics and the study of a regulatory network combined with data analysis in a computer room (transcriptome, search for regulatory motifs, phylogeny, structure of the regulator).

Practical works 40h

They focus on the regulation of cysteine metabolism in Bacillus subtilis with a study of the genes involved in the transport and biosynthesis of this amino acid and the associated complex regulatory network.

At the end, the students write a protocol on aspects that they will have to carry out in PW: choice of media to be used to characterize their strains and gene inactivation strategy.

In the practical work, mutant constructions, analysis of mutant phenotypes in terms of growth and regulation, cascade regulation, and the notion of epistasis.

Tutorials works 12h

Two tutorials of presentation of the system of study and preparation of the TP are carried out:

• Cysteine metabolism, genes involved and regulation of the system, link to stress responses and virulence with an example in a human pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
• Competence, transformation and genetics in B. subtilis
• Regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes: epistasis, cascade regulation, formation of complex between regulator and enzyme (CysK-CymR).

A bioinformatics analysis TD at the end of the practical session: the students in the computer room will visualize the structure of the CymR regulator studied in practical session, they will analyze the data from DNA chips to identify all the genes controlled, search in silico for the pattern of fixation of the regulator and carry out a phylogenetic analysis of the regulators involved.

Person in charge

Key words

Cancerology, Genetic blood, muscle, neurodegenerative syndromes or pathologies

Objectives

The UE, through courses, allows to address the cellular and molecular bases of different human genetic or infectious pathologies, as well as the development of innovative therapies. The courses include theoretical data for the understanding of data from scientific articles analyzed during the courses on cell models in culture, preclinical animal models or clinical trials.

Lecture or tutorials works 48h

• Introduction to basic and clinical oncology
• Viral vector gene therapies
• Cellular therapies for heart failure
• Mitochondrial pathologies
• Sickle cell disease
• Splicing pathologies, example of dystrophin
• DNA methylation and pathologies
• Prion diseases

Targeted skills

• To know and understand the molecular and cellular bases of mechanisms governing human pathologies of different orders.
• To understand how innovative therapies are tried to evolve with the advancement of knowledge of these mechanisms and biotechnologies.
• To analyze, criticize and synthesize, in writing, scientific data published in English.

Personsincharge

Jean-Marc Verbavatz – Antoine Guichet

Objectives

Discover how a research laboratory or a company works.

Targeted skills

Broaden/deepen the knowledge acquired in class
Acquire professional experience

Person in charge

Mireille Viguier

Objectives

This teaching uses recent data on the fundamental mechanisms of the immune response that have, or will rapidly lead to the design and application of new therapeutics targeting immune effectors as drugs. This teaching should allow to put into perspective the fundamental knowledge and its applications in human clinical trials by bringing an advanced knowledge of fundamental processes in immunology, a global knowledge of design and constraints. It is intended for a mixed public (capacity limited to 20 students) in initial and professional training.

Lectures 35h

• Introduction and Generalities on the Effectors of the Immune System
• Ontogenesis, immune cooperation and activation
• Immune status and influenza vaccine
• Monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use: a long history for a new class of drugs
• Natural antibodies: from physiology to therapy
• Limitations of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients and immunotherapies
• Cancer Immunology
• HPV vaccines and other treatments for cervical cancer
• Lymphocyte Infiltrate and Antitumor Immunotherapy
• Atherosclerosis and the immune system
• Therapeutic Implications of the Role of BAFF in Lupus
• Interleukin 2: from the study of regulatory T cell homeostasis to a new treatment

Tutorial works 8h

4 sessions of 2h for the analysis of articles

Targeted skills

• Understand the process that leads from a fundamental knowledge to its clinical application.
• To know the main characteristics of the development of a therapeutic innovation
• Integrate into a mixed student and professional training group in continuing education

Person in charge

François Chau

Key words

Stereochemistry, Functional Groups, Reactivity

Objectives

This teaching aims to give students the molecular chemistry tools to understand the reactivity of the chemical functions of biomolecules, and to understand chemical/biochemical/biological processes.

Lectures 12h et Tutorial works 12h

• Stereochemistry of organic compounds
• Electronic and steric effects
• Chemistry of the major classes of organic molecules: description, reactivity and application
• Reactivity of the chemical functional groups of biomolecules: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amine, thiol and phosphate.

Targeted skills

• To know the reactivity of the functional groups
• Master the main reaction mechanisms of organic chemistry
• Be able to understand and develop synthesis schemes of target molecules

Person in charge

Philippe Girard

Objectives

The aim of this course is to present photonic imaging techniques in fluorescence and methods for the analysis of dynamic biological processes based on practical examples of cell biology.

Lectures 14h et Tutorial works 10h

• Basics of microscopy: Nature of light, light-matter interaction, Resolution of a microscope
• Physical principles of fluorescence: Wide field microscopy, Confocal microscopy, Biphotonic microscopy, Total reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM)
• Fluorescent probes: properties and uses to determine cell functions (cell viability and apoptosis, membrane potential, etc.).
• Measurements of dynamic processes: intracellular mobility by FRAP, SPT and FCS
• Measurement of molecular interactions and chemical gradients in living cells (FRET)

Person in charge

Olivier Dussurget

Objectives

To illustrate the main principles and innovative aspects of the laboratory techniques currently used for the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans.

Lectures 24h

• Direct diagnosis
• Bacterial typing
• Specific sensitivity of diagnostic techniques
• PCR and microarray
• Conduct of diagnosis in parasitology
• Conduct of diagnosis in mycology
• Immunological and molecular diagnosis of parasitosis and mycosis
• Virological techniques in diagnostic strategies
• Quantification of viral nucleic acids, genotyping, phylogeny
• High throughput sequencing applied in virology
• Detection of viral antigens and nucleic acids
• Study of antiviral sensitivity
• Study of antibiotic sensitivity
• Syndromic molecular approaches

Persons in charge

Rachel Golub – Anne Couedel-Courteille

Objectives

This teaching provides fundamental knowledge on a specific theme at the frontier with immunology (specific infectious response mechanism, pathogenic host relationship in pathological context, immuno-oncology…). These seminars have two main roles:

1- To provide knowledge on the current state-of-the-art techniques used in the treated field (Intervention of institute platform managers and researchers).

2- To bring general knowledge and concepts that allow to follow the recent literature on the topic addressed.

Brainstorming workshops and 24h seminars

The few days are structured in workshops around a current theme (reviewed annually) applied to emerging concepts in Immunology/Infectious Diseases/Cancerology. In general, emerging concepts in science have a strong stake in public health. The workshop is in the form of focus groups around a general theme that changes each year. We develop the debate in the form of a round table with external speakers. Fundamental, clinical mechanisms and current biotechnologies are explained in detail.
After each seminar, a round-table discussion on the general theme with external speakers is organized to animate the theme. Small focus groups (maximum 4 persons) meet to discuss the experiences of the selected literature with the moderators. Then, a pair organization allows the preparation for the presentation of one of the articles of the choice on the theme. Following the round table discussions, the pair will have to build and propose the outline of an experiment to continue the research work. This EU is strongly recommended for students wishing to continue in M2 research. We evaluate the students’ skills through a grading of the bibliographical presentation/complementary experience.

Targeted skills

• Development of critical thinking skills with the help of:
  • General discussion of the concept and subsequent debates with several specialist speakers who will have given their opinions and participation in these concepts.
  • Round table to visualize conditions of use, but also the limits of current biotechnologies
• Conduct effective literature searches
• Stepping back from a general theme to propose new research hypotheses
• Presentation of summaries of scientific publications :
  • to prioritize the data according to the relevance of the results.
  • To open perspectives by proposing a hypothesis and detailing the techniques to be implemented to carry out the experiment successfully

Person in charge

Florent Barbault

Objectives

The goal is to teach the tools to understand the relationships between the structure/nature of molecular buildings and their biological activity. The teaching will begin with the study of small molecules of biological interest and will evolve towards biomaterials. Therapeutic interest, strategies and techniques (theoretical and practical) will be presented based on concrete examples.

Lectures 30h et Tutorial works 16h

• Initiation to the study of structure-activity relations
• Rational approach: QSAR
• Characterization of molecule-target biological interactions
• Materials, functionalization, structuring and applications: imaging, photothermics, drug delivery, targeting…
• Modeling of biomaterials

Person in charge

Philippe Duprey

Objectives

Through courses and analysis of scientific articles, addresses the molecular and cellular biology of stem cells. Particular emphasis is placed on approaches for reprogramming differentiated cells into induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs). The primordial roles of transduction pathways and transcriptional control mechanisms and in particular epigenetic control mechanisms are detailed. The therapeutic applications of stem cells, cell therapy, discovery of potential new drugs, cancerology, are also presented.
Several stem cell models: ES and iPS pluripotent cells, cardiac somatic stem cells, skeletal muscle are presented. The aim of this teaching is not to cover the whole of this very vast field but to give keys to approach it later in a specialized and in-depth way. Important areas such as hematopoiesis and neurogenesis, which have already been covered in various courses received by students during their studies, are not presented in detail. However, these areas are discussed in the context of cell therapies and tumor stem cells.

Lectures 16,5h et Tutorial works 7,5h

• General information on stem cells.
• Pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), the reprogramming of a somatic cell into an iPS cell, transdifferentiation.
• Heart failure: prospects opened up by cardiac cell therapy.
• Skeletal myogenesis: embryonic, fetal and adult, implications for cell therapy of myopathies.
• Stem cells and cancer.

Targeted skills

• To know and understand the molecular and cellular basis of stem cell biology and the current and potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in cell therapy and pharmacology.
• To analyze, criticize and synthesize orally scientific data published in English.
• To work and exchange in groups

Person in charge

Christine Cordier

Objectives

This NMR course, which is aimed at both molecular biology and medical students, provides the necessary tools to determine the structure of a molecule, whether it is a synthetic, natural or even a bio-macromolecule (protein). Beyond molecular structural investigation, NMR is essential in sectors as diverse as: drug development strategy (medicinal chemistry and targeted therapy), metabolomics (plant, toxicology and medicine), food analysis and MRI even outside the medical sector.

Lectures 12h et Tutorial works 12h

The course and tutorials of course application and illustration are divided into chapters according to :

• Presentation of NMR tools to determine the structure of simple molecules – Investigative strategy and analysis of 2D NMR maps
• Methodology to determine the structure of bio-macromolecules – Structure/activity relationship via constrained modeling (from NMR)
• NMR Metabolomics – Illustration of recent applications in various industrial and research sectors
• MRI: the basics

Persons in charge

Marc Nadal – Jean-Charles Cadoret

Objectives

To know the fundamental molecular mechanisms ensuring a stable transmission of genomic and epigenomic information at the cellular level, at the level of an individual’s life and at the evolutionary level.  The processes responsible for the alteration of this stability will also be studied along with the societal challenges posed by these alterations.

Lectures 12h et Tutorial works 12h

This teaching will be in the form of a cycle of lectures (courses) whose sequences will follow a defined pedagogical line allowing the students to apprehend the teachings in the most integrated way possible. This pedagogical line will attempt to make the link between the molecular processes involved and the organization at the genomic, cellular and individual levels.

The teaching will therefore cover several themes and with several model organisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and metazoans including mammals):

• DNA damage induced by intrinsic or extrinsic factors
• DNA replication, its regulation and dysfunctions
• What conditions create instability in a genome?
• The different molecular mechanisms allowing genome stability
• The impact of these different mechanisms on: the cell, the individual, evolution, ageing, etc.

Objectives

The UE de Stage en laboratoire is an optional UE of the M1S2 which aims to allow students to gain professional experience in a public or private research laboratory in France.

Stage en laboratoire de 4 ou 8 semaines

Students will be selected by a committee and will be able to complete an internship of 4 or 8 weeks (3 or 6 ECTS respectively) after the second semester.

The evaluation will be done by presentation of a scientific poster. At the end of the internship, students will be able to develop an experimental scientific approach to answer a biological question.

Targeted skills

• Discover how a research laboratory or a company works
• Broaden/deepen the knowledge acquired in class
• Acquire professional experience

Persons in charge

Pierre Girard – Dominique Buffard

Objectives

To know the different legal forms; know how to read and interpret a balance sheet, an income statement and a cash flow statement; to know how to analyze a macro-environment and identify a strategy. In-depth knowledge of writing techniques and oral expression.

Lectures 27,5h

Major Themes 

• Legal forms of companies, (corporations; partnerships; associations; cooperatives)
• Economic life of the company; accounting and financial concepts; balance sheet and income statement; treasury; different forms of organization; generic strategies
• Problems of development, (project management)
• Topics of files presented by students in previous years : Evolution of legal forms of companies. History of accounting and new accounting standards; Studies of company annual accounts (balance sheet; income statement and cash flow statement); specific mechanisms of depreciation and provisions; generic strategies; rating agencies and ethics; tools for project management; business plan; growth and sustainable development; the capital market; crisis mechanism (2008 subprimes)

Pedagogy

• Inverted class since 1995; groups of 2 students prepare a presentation under the supervision of the teacher and present in 20 min; the content is completed if necessary by the teacher. From session 5/6 the course is completed with exercises.
• Learning how to write through the writing of a company monograph.
• Improvement of oral expression through the presentation of lectures in 20 min.

Targeted skills

Economics and management

• • To know the different legal forms (corporations; cooperatives; partnerships).
  • To know how to read and interpret a balance sheet; an income statement and a cash flow statement. Financial ratios.
  • To know how to analyze a macro environment and identify a strategy.

Methodology

• • To know the techniques of oral expression.
  • To know how to write a 10-page academic report.
  • A wider opening towards management as well as the role and place of Men in organizations is brought by the files prepared and presented by the students, and completed by the teacher, which constitute the continuous control  (see themes above).

Persons in charge

Mélina Heuzé – René-Marc Mege

Objectives

Through lectures, seminars and TD, will address the different types of cell migration and their molecular regulation. The course will be based on examples of physiological and pathological migration processes (tumor cell migration). Seminars will be given by external speakers recognized in their field. A TP will allow to discover tools of cell culture, photonic microscopy and image analysis used in research to study cell migration.

Lectures 3h, Seminars 3h et Tutorial works 6h

Points discussed :

• • The different types of cell migration.
  • Molecular bases of cell migration: front-to-back polarity, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation.
  • Role of the microenvironment: extracellular matrix, mechanical environment.
  • Process of tumor dissemination.
  • Technological tools for the study of cell migration.

Practical Works 12h

This will be an opportunity to introduce students to an experimental approach to study collective migration in vitro. It will take place over 3 half-days during which the students will perform an in vitro wound healing experiment on 2 tumor cell lines (invasive and non-invasive), implementing the preparation of cells, acquisition on an optical microscope, image analysis and writing of a mini-scientific report.

Targeted skills

• To know the different types of cell migration, their molecular regulation and the technological tools used in research for the study of cell migration.
• To know how to use bibliographical research tools, read scientific articles in English, synthesize and transmit scientific knowledge orally.
• To work in groups.
• To manipulate cells in culture.
• To process and analyze images on Image J.
• To write a scientific mini-report with contextualization, description of the experimental protocol, analysis and interpretation of scientific results.

Person in charge

Nabih Maslah

Objectives

Basic training in Medical Hematology and Basic Immunology.
To provide the knowledge required for the M2 ” Molecular and Cellular Biology of Hematopoiesis”.
EU required to access the M2 “Hematopoiesis” (internal students at BMC).

Lectures 13h

• Introduction to Hematology
• HSC, hematopoietic cells
• CSH, self-renewal hematology, differentiation, regulation, study
• Regulation of hematopoiesis and differentiation: growth factors, receptor and transduction
• Epigenetic regulation, Transcription factors
• Mechanisms of hematopoietic tumor transformation
• HSC-based therapies: transplantation, gene therapy
• Normal and pathological erythropoiesis: an example of PV
• Normal and pathological granulopoiesis: an example CML
• Normal megakaryopoiesis and pathology: an example is constitutional thrombopenia.
• Normal and pathological B lymphopoiesis: an example CLL.
• Normal and pathological T lymphopoiesis: an example the NHL T
• Introduction to Immunology

Tutorials works 5h

Group project: reconstruction of scientific article: subject/choice/modalities.

Person in charge

Dominique Ledoux

Objectives

Acquire the fundamental bases of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in inflammatory processes through some examples of inflammatory diseases.

Lectures 24h

• General principles of inflammation
• Inflammatory diseases of the vessels
• Receptors of innate immunity and danger
• Inflammation actors: Humoral immunity: B-lymphocytes, antibodies and receptors in the inflammatory response
• Inflammation actors: Cellular immunity: T lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the regulation of immune responses.
• Actors of inflammation: NK cells and hazard recognition
• Inflammation mediators
• Actors of inflammation: Phagocytic cells: neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages.
• Inflammation actors: Mast cells and basophils in allergy, autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory diseases.
• Innate Immunity and Autoimmunity – Diabetes
• Role of the intestinal barrier in inflammation
• Omics” approaches: Principles and applications to inflammatory pathologies
• Inflammatory liver diseases

Persons in charge

Isabelle Becam – Jean-Marc Verbavatz

Objectives

Introduction to paired research through the analysis of articles and discussions with a researcher about his research activity. Discovery of a research theme specific to each cell pair.

Tutorial works 6h

• Introduction to the construction of a research project
• Exchanges with researchers on their research projects
• Bibliographical work
• Interim activity report (oral)
• Writing a written project
• Oral presentation to students of the written project